Network Defense Essentials (NDE) 2026 – 400 Free Practice Questions to Pass the Exam

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What type of firewall operates at the session layer of the OSI model and monitors TCP handshakes?

Packet-filtering firewall

Stateful inspection firewall

Circuit-level gateways

Circuit-level gateways operate at the session layer of the OSI model and are specifically designed to monitor TCP handshakes, allowing them to establish and manage connections between clients and servers. These firewalls maintain the state of network connections, enabling them to make informed decisions about whether to allow or block packets based on the established sessions.

By functioning at this layer, circuit-level gateways can ensure that the data being transmitted is part of a valid, established session, which provides a level of protection against certain types of network attacks that may exploit vulnerabilities during the connection process. They do not inspect the content of the packets themselves but instead focus on the session's integrity and the legitimacy of the connections.

This understanding is vital for comprehending how different types of firewalls function and their roles in a layered security architecture.

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Next-gen firewall

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